Java Network Programming

Network

A Network is a collection of computers/devices that can able to communicate (send/Receive data) each other.

Node

Each device in a network is called node. Example computers, printers, mobile phones etc.,

Node Address

Every node in the network is uniquely identified by an address. Address is a sequence of bytes used to uniquely identify a node in network.

Packet

When computer ‘A’ send some data to computer ‘B’ then the data travelling on the network is divided into small chucks, called packets.  Each packet contains information about both sender and receiver.

Checksum

Checksum is usually calculated summary of packet data (It may vary for protocols). Every packet has a checksum associated with it. Once receiver receives the packet, receiver calculates the checksum for packet again and compare. Checksums are used to ensure the integrity of data portions for data transmission or storage.

Protocol

Protocol is a well-defined set of rules, define how computers can communicate. For example, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) defines how web browser and web server communicate.

IPV4 Address

Every computer in IPV4 network is identified by an address, It is a 4 byte number. For example 192.168.1.1. Each number is one unassigned value ranging from 0 to 255.

IPV6 Address

Every computer in IPV6 network is identified by an address, It use 16 byte addresses. IPv6 addresses are customarily written in eight blocks of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons, such as 1234:BA98:FEDC:3210:ABC9:BA98:7654:3210.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Domain name system maps domain names to node addresses. For example “google.com” mapped to IP address “216.58.192.14”.

Port
In Computer Networks, a port represents a communication endpoint. Each computer has several thousand logical ports. Transport Layer protocol has 65535 ports.

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