The CSS box model is a foundational concept for web layout and design. It consists of margins, borders, padding, and the content area. The height and width properties control the size of the content area of an element. Let's explore these properties in detail.
The CSS box model consists of,
1. Content: The actual content of the box (text, images, etc.).
2. Padding: Space between the content and the border.
3. Border: A border surrounding the padding (if any) and content.
4. Margin: Space outside the border, separating the element from others.
Padding Properties
Padding is the space between the content of an element and its border. It adds space inside an element.
1. padding: This is a shorthand property for setting the padding-top, padding-right, padding-bottom, and padding-left properties in one declaration.
2. padding-top: Sets the padding on the top of the element.
3. padding-right: Sets the padding on the right side.
4. padding-bottom: Sets the padding at the bottom.
5. padding-left: Sets the padding on the left side.
padding Syntax
The padding property is a shorthand that can set padding for all four sides of an element. It can take one to four values:
/* Sets padding for all sides */ padding: value; /* Sets vertical (top and bottom) and horizontal (left and right) padding */ padding: vertical horizontal; /* Sets padding for top, horizontal (left and right), and bottom */ padding: top horizontal bottom; /* Sets padding for top, right, bottom, left (clockwise order) */ padding: top right bottom left;
Accepted Values for Padding Properties
1. Length units: Like px (pixels), em, rem, pt, etc.
Example: padding: 15px; or padding: 1em;
2. Percentage: Relative to the width of the containing element.
Example: padding: 5%;
3. Initial: Sets the property to its default value.
Example: padding: initial;
4. Inherit: Inherits the padding value from its parent element.
Example: padding: inherit;
Examples
padding: 20px;
Sets padding of 20 pixels on all sides (top, right, bottom, left).
padding: 10px 20px;
Sets padding of 10 pixels on the top and bottom, and 20 pixels on the left and right.
padding: 10px 20px 30px;
Sets padding of 10 pixels on the top, 20 pixels on the left and right, and 30 pixels on the bottom.
padding: 10px 20px 30px 40px;
Sets padding of 10 pixels on the top, 20 pixels on the right, 30 pixels on the bottom, and 40 pixels on the left.
Individual padding properties
CSS also allows specifying padding for each side of the element using individual properties:
1. padding-top: Sets the padding on the top side of the element.
padding-top: value;
Example: padding-top: 10px; sets 10 pixels of padding on the top.
2. padding-right: Sets the padding on the right side of the element.
padding-right: value;
Example: padding-right: 20px; sets 20 pixels of padding on the right.
3. padding-bottom: Sets the padding on the bottom side of the element.
padding-bottom: value;
Example: padding-bottom: 30px; sets 30 pixels of padding on the bottom.
4. padding-left: Sets the padding on the left side of the element.
padding-left: value;
Example: padding-left: 40px; sets 40 pixels of padding on the left.
padding-demo.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>CSS Box Model Example</title> <style> .box { background-color: #f0f0f0; padding: 20px; /* Padding shorthand example */ border: 2px solid #000; /* Border with size, style, and color */ margin: 20px; /* Margin to separate boxes */ } .box-top { padding-top: 40px; /* Only top padding */ border-top: 5px dashed red; /* Top border with specific style */ } .box-right { padding-right: 30px; /* Only right padding */ border-right: 3px dotted blue; /* Right border with specific style */ } .box-bottom { padding-bottom: 50px; /* Only bottom padding */ border-bottom: 4px double green; /* Bottom border with specific style */ } .box-left { padding-left: 60px; /* Only left padding */ border-left: 6px groove purple; /* Left border with specific style */ } .complex-padding { padding: 10px 20px 30px 40px; /* Different padding for each side */ border: 1px solid #666; /* Solid border with gray color */ } </style> </head> <body> <div class="box">This box has equal padding on all sides and a solid border.</div> <div class="box box-top">This box has extra top padding and a dashed top border.</div> <div class="box box-right">This box has extra right padding and a dotted right border.</div> <div class="box box-bottom">This box has extra bottom padding and a double bottom border.</div> <div class="box box-left">This box has extra left padding and a groove left border.</div> <div class="box complex-padding">This box uses different padding for each side and a solid border.</div> </body> </html>
Above page shows below screen.
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