What is <!DOCTYPE html>?
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration tells the web browser that the document is an HTML5 document. It helps the browser to render the page correctly by setting it into standards mode, which ensures consistent behavior across different browsers.
Syntax: It’s a declaration, not an HTML tag, so it doesn’t have a closing tag.
<!DOCTYPE html>
Why to Specify DOCTYPE?
1. By specifying <!DOCTYPE html>, you ensure that the browser uses the latest standards to render the page. Without this declaration, browsers might use "quirks mode," which emulates older, non-standard behaviours to support legacy websites.
2. Consistency: It helps in maintaining consistency across different browsers and devices by adhering to modern HTML standards.
Where to Specify This?
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration should be placed at the very top of your HTML document, before the <html> tag.
doctype.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hello World</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to HTML Programming!!!!!</h1> </body> </html>
Other Options for DOCTYPE
1. HTML4.01 Strict
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
2. HTML4.01 Transitional
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
3. HTML4.01 Frameset
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
4. XHTML 1.0 Strict
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
5. XHTML 1.0 Transitional
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
In modern web development, <!DOCTYPE html> for HTML5 is the most commonly used and recommended for its simplicity and support for the latest web standards.
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