Explain different ways to achieve recursion in JavaScript

Recursion is a technique, where the function call itself directly (or) indirectly.

There are three ways to refere a function itself.

a.   the function's name

b.   arguments.callee

c.   an in-scope variable that refers to the function

Using the functions name

HelloWorld.js

function factorial(n){
    if(n <= 1){
        return 1;
    }
    
    return n * factorial(n-1);
}

console.log(`Factorial of 5 is ${factorial(5)}`);

Output

Factorial of 5 is 120

Using arguments.callee

HelloWorld.js

function factorial(n){
    if(n <= 1){
        return 1;
    }
    
    return n * arguments.callee(n-1);
}

console.log(`Factorial of 5 is ${factorial(5)}`);

Using an in-scope variable that refers to the function

HelloWorld.js

var fact = function factorial(n){
    if(n <= 1){
        return 1;
    }
    
    return n * fact(n-1);
}

console.log(`Factorial of 5 is ${factorial(5)}`);

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