Sunday 17 July 2016

Selenium2: Locating web elements using WebDriver

In this post, I am going to explain, simple login form submission using WebDriver. Since this is not a web application tutorial, I am not going to explain how to setup the web application.

Following is the login.jsp page, I am going to submit.
I am going to populate username, password fields using WebDriver instance and submit the form.


login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
 <h1>Login Page</h1>

 <form method="post" action="loginCheck">
  <table>
   <tr>
    <td>UserName :</td>
    <td><input type="text" name="userName" /></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>Password</td>
    <td><input type="password" name="password" /></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td><input type="reset" value="Clear" /></td>
    <td><input type="submit" value="submit" /></td>
   </tr>
  </table>

 </form>
</body>
</html>

How to populate username field?
Observe the login.jsp file. ‘input’ element has a name ‘userName’ associated with it.

<input type="text" name="userName" />

You can populate the username textbox, by accessing the element by name. Following Java snippet is used to populate username field. ‘driver.findElement(…) method is used to locate a UI element. By class is used to locate elements within a document

WebElement userNameElement = driver.findElement(By.name("userName"));
userNameElement.sendKeys("HariKrishna");

Same in the case of password field also. Following snippet is used to populate password field.

WebElement passwordElement = driver.findElement(By.name("password"));
passwordElement.sendKeys("password123");

After populating the fields, you can submit the form by using any WebElement instance.

userNameElement.submit();
         (OR)
passwordElement.submit();


Following is the complete working application.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class App {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
  driver.get("http://localhost:8080/application/getLoginPage");

  WebElement userNameElement = driver.findElement(By.name("userName"));
  WebElement passwordElement = driver.findElement(By.name("password"));

  userNameElement.sendKeys("HariKrishna");
  passwordElement.sendKeys("password123");

  passwordElement.submit();
 }
}

There are number of ways to locate an UI element in web page. By class provides following static methods to locate the UI element.

Method
Description
By.className(className)
Locate elements based on the value of the "class" attribute.
By.cssSelector(selector)
Locate elements via the driver's underlying W3 Selector engine.
By.id(id)
Locate the element by using the value of id attribute.
By.linkText(linkText)
Locate elements by matching the exact text it displays
By.name(name)
Locate elements by the value of the "name" attribute.
By.partialLinkText(linkText)
Locate elements by matching the text partially it displays.
By.tagName(name)
Locate elements by their tag name
By.xpath(xpathExpression)
Locate elements via XPath


I am going to explain about above methods in my later posts.


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