Wednesday, 9 March 2016

Julia: Methods

Method is just like function, where arguments have type.

function sum(a, b)
    a+b
end

If we provide type to above function arguments, it is called method.

function sum(a::Int64, b::Int64)
    a+b
end

function sum(a::Float64, b::Float64)
    a+b
end

Above two are the examples of methods. :: is the type-assertion operator used to specify the type of arguments.


When you try to call a method with wrong types causes MethodError.
julia> function process_data(a::Int64, b::Float64)
           a+b
       end
process_data (generic function with 1 method)

julia> process_data(10, 20)
ERROR: MethodError: `process_data` has no method matching process_data(::Int64, ::Int64)
Closest candidates are:
  process_data(::Int64, ::Float64)


Observe above codes snippet, I initialized the function process_data with arguments of types Int64 and Float64. So when I tried to call the method with two integer arguments, it throws MethodError (Since Julia is strongly typed).
julia> process_data(10, 20.35)
30.35

julia> process_data(10, 2001.35)
2011.35


Unlike other languages, integers, float of 32-bit size are not automatically promoted to 64-bit numbers.

julia> process_data(10, Float32(20.35))
ERROR: MethodError: `process_data` has no method matching process_data(::Int64, ::Float32)
Closest candidates are:
  process_data(::Int64, ::Float64)


When I called process_data function with arguments of type Int64, Float32 I got MethodError.

Method overloading
We can define a method with same name and different arguments.

Following snippet overload the function ‘process_data’.

julia> function process_data()
           println("Zero argument function")
       end
process_data (generic function with 1 method)

julia> function process_data(num::Int64)
           println("Single argument function")
       end
process_data (generic function with 2 methods)

julia> function process_data(num::Float64)
           println("Single argument function")
       end
process_data (generic function with 3 methods)

julia> function process_data(num::Float64, num2::Int64)
           println("Double argument function")
       end
process_data (generic function with 4 methods)


Get all overloaded forms of a method
By using ‘methods(function_name)’, you can get all the overloaded names of a method.

julia> methods(process_data)
# 4 methods for generic function "process_data":
process_data() at none:2
process_data(num::Int64) at none:2
process_data(num::Float64) at none:2
process_data(num::Float64, num2::Int64) at none:2


In the same way, you can get all the overloaded forms of built in methods.

julia> methods(map)
# 33 methods for generic function "map":
map(f::Function, a::Array{Any,1}) at essentials.jl:153
map(::Type{Integer}, a::Array{T,N}) at abstractarray.jl:448
map(::Type{Signed}, a::Array{T,N}) at abstractarray.jl:449
map(::Type{Unsigned}, a::Array{T,N}) at abstractarray.jl:450
map{T<:Real}(::Type{T<:Real}, r::StepRange{T,S}) at abstractarray.jl:454
map{T<:Real}(::Type{T<:Real}, r::UnitRange{T<:Real}) at abstractarray.jl:455
map{T<:AbstractFloat}(::Type{T<:AbstractFloat}, r::FloatRange{T<:AbstractFloat}) at abstractarray.jl:456
map{T<:AbstractFloat}(::Type{T<:AbstractFloat}, r::LinSpace{T<:AbstractFloat}) at abstractarray.jl:458
map(f::Function, A::BitArray{N}) at bitarray.jl:1522
map(f::Function, A::BitArray{N}, B::BitArray{N}) at bitarray.jl:1523
map(f::Base.BitFunctorUnary{T,F}, A::BitArray{N}) at bitarray.jl:1524
map(f::Base.BitFunctorBinary{TT,TF,FT,FF}, A::BitArray{N}, B::BitArray{N}) at bitarray.jl:1525
map(f) at tuple.jl:57
map(f, v::SimpleVector) at essentials.jl:230
map(f, t::Tuple{}) at tuple.jl:59
map(f, t::Tuple{}, s::Tuple{}) at tuple.jl:65
map(f, ::Tuple{}, ts::Tuple...) at tuple.jl:73
map(f, t::Tuple{Any}) at tuple.jl:60
map(f, t::Tuple{Any}, s::Tuple{Any}) at tuple.jl:66
map(f, t::Tuple{Any,Any}) at tuple.jl:61
map(f, t::Tuple{Any,Any}, s::Tuple{Any,Any}) at tuple.jl:67
map(f, t::Tuple{Any,Any,Any}) at tuple.jl:62
map(f, t::Tuple) at tuple.jl:63
map(f, ts::Tuple...) at tuple.jl:74
map(f, x::Number) at number.jl:46
map(f, S::SharedArray{T,N}) at sharedarray.jl:342
map(f, A::AbstractArray{T,N}) at abstractarray.jl:1305
map(f, A::AbstractArray{T,N}, B::AbstractArray{T,N}) at abstractarray.jl:1339
map(f, As::AbstractArray{T,N}...) at abstractarray.jl:1381
map(fun, str::UTF16String) at unicode/utf16.jl:255
map(f, s::UTF32String) at unicode/utf32.jl:187
map(f, s::AbstractString) at strings/basic.jl:248
map(f, iters...) at abstractarray.jl:1158


As I said, operators also defined as methods, you can get all the overloaded forms of any operator.

julia> methods(*)
# 138 methods for generic function "*":
*(x::Bool, y::Bool) at bool.jl:38
*{T<:Unsigned}(x::Bool, y::T<:Unsigned) at bool.jl:53
*(x::Bool, z::Complex{Bool}) at complex.jl:122
*(x::Bool, z::Complex{T<:Real}) at complex.jl:129
*{T<:Number}(x::Bool, y::T<:Number) at bool.jl:49
*(x::Float32, y::Float32) at float.jl:207
*(x::Float64, y::Float64) at float.jl:208
*(z::Complex{T<:Real}, w::Complex{T<:Real}) at complex.jl:113
*(z::Complex{Bool}, x::Bool) at complex.jl:123
*(z::Complex{T<:Real}, x::Bool) at complex.jl:130
*(x::Real, z::Complex{Bool}) at complex.jl:140
*(z::Complex{Bool}, x::Real) at complex.jl:141
*(x::Real, z::Complex{T<:Real}) at complex.jl:152
*(z::Complex{T<:Real}, x::Real) at complex.jl:153
*(x::Rational{T<:Integer}, y::Rational{T<:Integer}) at rational.jl:186
*(a::Float16, b::Float16) at float16.jl:136
*{N}(a::Integer, index::CartesianIndex{N}) at multidimensional.jl:50
*(x::BigInt, y::BigInt) at gmp.jl:256
*(a::BigInt, b::BigInt, c::BigInt) at gmp.jl:279
*(a::BigInt, b::BigInt, c::BigInt, d::BigInt) at gmp.jl:285
*(a::BigInt, b::BigInt, c::BigInt, d::BigInt, e::BigInt) at gmp.jl:292
*(x::BigInt, c::Union{UInt16,UInt32,UInt64,UInt8}) at gmp.jl:326
*(c::Union{UInt16,UInt32,UInt64,UInt8}, x::BigInt) at gmp.jl:330
*(x::BigInt, c::Union{Int16,Int32,Int64,Int8}) at gmp.jl:332
*(c::Union{Int16,Int32,Int64,Int8}, x::BigInt) at gmp.jl:336
*(x::BigFloat, y::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:208
*(x::BigFloat, c::Union{UInt16,UInt32,UInt64,UInt8}) at mpfr.jl:215
*(c::Union{UInt16,UInt32,UInt64,UInt8}, x::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:219
*(x::BigFloat, c::Union{Int16,Int32,Int64,Int8}) at mpfr.jl:223
*(c::Union{Int16,Int32,Int64,Int8}, x::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:227
*(x::BigFloat, c::Union{Float16,Float32,Float64}) at mpfr.jl:231
*(c::Union{Float16,Float32,Float64}, x::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:235
*(x::BigFloat, c::BigInt) at mpfr.jl:239
*(c::BigInt, x::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:243
*(a::BigFloat, b::BigFloat, c::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:379
*(a::BigFloat, b::BigFloat, c::BigFloat, d::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:385
*(a::BigFloat, b::BigFloat, c::BigFloat, d::BigFloat, e::BigFloat) at mpfr.jl:392
*{T<:Number}(x::T<:Number, D::Diagonal{T}) at linalg/diagonal.jl:89
*(x::Irrational{sym}, y::Irrational{sym}) at irrationals.jl:72
*(y::Real, x::Base.Dates.Period) at dates/periods.jl:55
*(x::Number) at operators.jl:74
*(y::Number, x::Bool) at bool.jl:55
*(x::Int8, y::Int8) at int.jl:19
*(x::UInt8, y::UInt8) at int.jl:19
*(x::Int16, y::Int16) at int.jl:19
*(x::UInt16, y::UInt16) at int.jl:19
*(x::Int32, y::Int32) at int.jl:19
*(x::UInt32, y::UInt32) at int.jl:19
*(x::Int64, y::Int64) at int.jl:19
*(x::UInt64, y::UInt64) at int.jl:19
*(x::Int128, y::Int128) at int.jl:456
*(x::UInt128, y::UInt128) at int.jl:457
*{T<:Number}(x::T<:Number, y::T<:Number) at promotion.jl:212
*(x::Number, y::Number) at promotion.jl:168
*{T<:Union{Complex{Float32},Complex{Float64},Float32,Float64},S}(A::Union{DenseArray{T<:Union{Complex{Float32},Complex{Float64},Float32,Float64},2},SubArray{T<:Union{Complex{Float32},Complex{Float64},Float32,Float64},2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}, x::Union{DenseArray{S,1},SubArray{S,1,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at linalg/matmul.jl:81
*(A::SymTridiagonal{T}, B::Number) at linalg/tridiag.jl:86
*(A::Tridiagonal{T}, B::Number) at linalg/tridiag.jl:406
*(A::UpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, x::Number) at linalg/triangular.jl:454
*(A::Base.LinAlg.UnitUpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, x::Number) at linalg/triangular.jl:457
*(A::LowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, x::Number) at linalg/triangular.jl:454
*(A::Base.LinAlg.UnitLowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, x::Number) at linalg/triangular.jl:457
*(A::Tridiagonal{T}, B::UpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:969
*(A::Tridiagonal{T}, B::Base.LinAlg.UnitUpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:969
*(A::Tridiagonal{T}, B::LowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:969
*(A::Tridiagonal{T}, B::Base.LinAlg.UnitLowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:969
*(A::Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, B::Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:975
*{TA,TB}(A::Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{TA,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}, B::Union{DenseArray{TB,1},DenseArray{TB,2},SubArray{TB,1,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD},SubArray{TB,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:989
*{TA,TB}(A::Union{DenseArray{TA,1},DenseArray{TA,2},SubArray{TA,1,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD},SubArray{TA,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}, B::Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{TB,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:1016
*{TA,Tb}(A::Union{Base.LinAlg.QRCompactWYQ{TA,M<:AbstractArray{T,2}},Base.LinAlg.QRPackedQ{TA,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}}, b::Union{DenseArray{Tb,1},SubArray{Tb,1,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at linalg/qr.jl:166
*{TA,TB}(A::Union{Base.LinAlg.QRCompactWYQ{TA,M<:AbstractArray{T,2}},Base.LinAlg.QRPackedQ{TA,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}}, B::Union{DenseArray{TB,2},SubArray{TB,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at linalg/qr.jl:178
*{TA,TQ,N}(A::Union{DenseArray{TA,N},SubArray{TA,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}, Q::Union{Base.LinAlg.QRCompactWYQ{TQ,M<:AbstractArray{T,2}},Base.LinAlg.QRPackedQ{TQ,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}}) at linalg/qr.jl:253
*(A::Union{Hermitian{T,S},Symmetric{T,S}}, B::Union{Hermitian{T,S},Symmetric{T,S}}) at linalg/symmetric.jl:117
*(A::Union{DenseArray{T,2},SubArray{T,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}, B::Union{Hermitian{T,S},Symmetric{T,S}}) at linalg/symmetric.jl:118
*{T<:Number}(D::Diagonal{T}, x::T<:Number) at linalg/diagonal.jl:90
*(Da::Diagonal{T}, Db::Diagonal{T}) at linalg/diagonal.jl:92
*(D::Diagonal{T}, V::Array{T,1}) at linalg/diagonal.jl:93
*(A::Array{T,2}, D::Diagonal{T}) at linalg/diagonal.jl:94
*(D::Diagonal{T}, A::Array{T,2}) at linalg/diagonal.jl:95
*(A::Bidiagonal{T}, B::Number) at linalg/bidiag.jl:192
*(A::Union{Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}},Bidiagonal{T},Diagonal{T},SymTridiagonal{T},Tridiagonal{T}}, B::Union{Base.LinAlg.AbstractTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}},Bidiagonal{T},Diagonal{T},SymTridiagonal{T},Tridiagonal{T}}) at linalg/bidiag.jl:198
*{T}(A::Bidiagonal{T}, B::AbstractArray{T,1}) at linalg/bidiag.jl:202
*(B::BitArray{2}, J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:122
*{T,S}(s::Base.LinAlg.SVDOperator{T,S}, v::Array{T,1}) at linalg/arnoldi.jl:261
*(S::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,Ti<:Integer}, J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at sparse/linalg.jl:23
*{Tv,Ti}(A::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,Ti}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,Ti}) at sparse/linalg.jl:108
*{TvA,TiA,TvB,TiB}(A::SparseMatrixCSC{TvA,TiA}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{TvB,TiB}) at sparse/linalg.jl:29
*{TX,TvA,TiA}(X::Union{DenseArray{TX,2},SubArray{TX,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{TvA,TiA}) at sparse/linalg.jl:94
*(A::Base.SparseMatrix.CHOLMOD.Sparse{Tv<:Union{Complex{Float64},Float64}}, B::Base.SparseMatrix.CHOLMOD.Sparse{Tv<:Union{Complex{Float64},Float64}}) at sparse/cholmod.jl:1142
*(A::Base.SparseMatrix.CHOLMOD.Sparse{Tv<:Union{Complex{Float64},Float64}}, B::Base.SparseMatrix.CHOLMOD.Dense{T<:Union{Complex{Float64},Float64}}) at sparse/cholmod.jl:1143
*(A::Base.SparseMatrix.CHOLMOD.Sparse{Tv<:Union{Complex{Float64},Float64}}, B::Union{Array{T,1},Array{T,2}}) at sparse/cholmod.jl:1144
*{Ti}(A::Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Ti}}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Ti}) at sparse/cholmod.jl:1401
*{Ti}(A::Hermitian{Complex{Float64},SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},Ti}}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},Ti}) at sparse/cholmod.jl:1402
*{T<:Number}(x::AbstractArray{T<:Number,2}) at abstractarraymath.jl:50
*(B::Number, A::SymTridiagonal{T}) at linalg/tridiag.jl:87
*(B::Number, A::Tridiagonal{T}) at linalg/tridiag.jl:407
*(x::Number, A::UpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:464
*(x::Number, A::Base.LinAlg.UnitUpperTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:467
*(x::Number, A::LowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:464
*(x::Number, A::Base.LinAlg.UnitLowerTriangular{T,S<:AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/triangular.jl:467
*(B::Number, A::Bidiagonal{T}) at linalg/bidiag.jl:193
*(A::Number, B::AbstractArray{T,N}) at abstractarraymath.jl:54
*(A::AbstractArray{T,N}, B::Number) at abstractarraymath.jl:55
*(s1::AbstractString, ss::AbstractString...) at strings/basic.jl:50
*(this::Base.Grisu.Float, other::Base.Grisu.Float) at grisu/float.jl:138
*(index::CartesianIndex{N}, a::Integer) at multidimensional.jl:54
*{T,S}(A::AbstractArray{T,2}, B::Union{DenseArray{S,2},SubArray{S,2,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at linalg/matmul.jl:130
*{T,S}(A::AbstractArray{T,2}, x::AbstractArray{S,1}) at linalg/matmul.jl:85
*(A::AbstractArray{T,1}, B::AbstractArray{T,2}) at linalg/matmul.jl:88
*(J1::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, J2::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:121
*(J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, B::BitArray{2}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:123
*(A::AbstractArray{T,2}, J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:124
*{Tv,Ti}(J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, S::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,Ti}) at sparse/linalg.jl:24
*(J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, A::Union{AbstractArray{T,1},AbstractArray{T,2}}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:125
*(x::Number, J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:127
*(J::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, x::Number) at linalg/uniformscaling.jl:128
*{T,S}(R::Base.LinAlg.AbstractRotation{T}, A::Union{AbstractArray{S,1},AbstractArray{S,2}}) at linalg/givens.jl:9
*{T}(G1::Base.LinAlg.Givens{T}, G2::Base.LinAlg.Givens{T}) at linalg/givens.jl:307
*(p::Base.DFT.ScaledPlan{T,P,N}, x::AbstractArray{T,N}) at dft.jl:262
*{T,K,N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.cFFTWPlan{T,K,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:621
*{T,K}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.cFFTWPlan{T,K,true,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:628
*{N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.rFFTWPlan{Float32,-1,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{Float32,N},SubArray{Float32,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:698
*{N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.rFFTWPlan{Complex{Float32},1,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{Complex{Float32},N},SubArray{Complex{Float32},N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:705
*{N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.rFFTWPlan{Float64,-1,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{Float64,N},SubArray{Float64,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:698
*{N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.rFFTWPlan{Complex{Float64},1,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{Complex{Float64},N},SubArray{Complex{Float64},N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:705
*{T,K,N}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.r2rFFTWPlan{T,K,false,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:866
*{T,K}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.r2rFFTWPlan{T,K,true,N}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/FFTW.jl:873
*{T}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.DCTPlan{T,5,false}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/dct.jl:188
*{T}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.DCTPlan{T,4,false}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/dct.jl:191
*{T,K}(p::Base.DFT.FFTW.DCTPlan{T,K,true}, x::Union{DenseArray{T,N},SubArray{T,N,A<:DenseArray{T,N},I<:Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon,Int64,Range{Int64}}}},LD}}) at fft/dct.jl:194
*{T}(p::Base.DFT.Plan{T}, x::AbstractArray{T,N}) at dft.jl:221
*(α::Number, p::Base.DFT.Plan{T}) at dft.jl:264
*(p::Base.DFT.Plan{T}, α::Number) at dft.jl:265
*(I::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, p::Base.DFT.ScaledPlan{T,P,N}) at dft.jl:266
*(p::Base.DFT.ScaledPlan{T,P,N}, I::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at dft.jl:267
*(I::UniformScaling{T<:Number}, p::Base.DFT.Plan{T}) at dft.jl:268
*(p::Base.DFT.Plan{T}, I::UniformScaling{T<:Number}) at dft.jl:269
*{P<:Base.Dates.Period}(x::P<:Base.Dates.Period, y::Real) at dates/periods.jl:54
*(a, b, c, xs...) at operators.jl:103










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