R : substr : Returns sub string

“substr()” is used to extract or replace substrings in a character vector.

Usage

substr(x, start, stop)
substr(x, start, stop) <- value

> x <- "Hello How are you"
> 
> substr(x, 7, 9)
[1] "How"
> 
> substr(x, 7, 9) <- "who"
> x
[1] "Hello who are you"

substr(x, 7, 9) <- “who”
Above statement replace “how” by “who”.

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