xs : whitespace : Specify how to handle White space characters

By using whitespace constraint you can specify how whitespace characters should be handled. <xs:whitespace> supports below values preserve, replace, collapse.

Value	Description
preserve	XML processor will not remove any white spaces.
replace	XML processor replaces line feeds, tabs, spaces, and carriage returns with spaces.
Collapse	XML processor removes all white space characters like line feeds, tabs, spaces, carriage returns. Trailing and leading spaces are removed. Multiple spaces are replaced by single space.

       <!-- validate description -->
        <xs:element name="description">
            <xs:simpleType>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                    <xs:whiteSpace value="collapse" />
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:element>

Above snippet, collapse all the white spaces in the element description.

employee.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

  <!-- Schema for simple elements -->
        <xs:element name="id" type="xs:integer" />
  <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string" />
  <xs:element name="middlename" type="xs:string" />
  <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="salary" type="xs:decimal" />
        <xs:element name="married" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="department" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="pjtname" type="xs:string" />
  <xs:element name="from" type="xs:date" />
  <xs:element name="to" type="xs:date" />

        <xs:element name="city" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="district" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="state" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string" />

        <!-- validate description -->
        <xs:element name="description">
            <xs:simpleType>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                    <xs:whiteSpace value="collapse" />
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:element>

        <!-- validate pin -->
        <xs:element name="pin">
            <xs:simpleType>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                    <xs:minLength value="5" />
                    <xs:maxLength value="8" />
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:element>

        <!-- validate sex -->
        <xs:element name="sex">
            <xs:simpleType>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                    <xs:enumeration value="male" />
                    <xs:enumeration value="female" />
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:element>

        <!-- Applying restriction on Employee age -->
        <xs:element name="age">
            <xs:simpleType>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
                    <xs:minInclusive value="19" />
                    <xs:maxExclusive value="56" />
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:element>
        
  <!-- Schema for element details -->
  <xs:element name="details">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element ref="firstname" />
                            <xs:element ref="middlename" />
                            <xs:element ref="lastname" />
                            <xs:element ref="age" />
                            <xs:element ref="salary" />
                            <xs:element ref="married" />
                            <xs:element ref="sex" />
                            <xs:element ref="address" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>

        <!-- schema for address -->
        <xs:element name="address">
            <xs:complexType>
                <xs:sequence>
                    <xs:element ref="city" />
                    <xs:element ref="district" />
                    <xs:element ref="state" />
                    <xs:element ref="country" />
                    <xs:element ref="pin" />
                </xs:sequence>
            </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>

         <!-- Schema for element project -->
  <xs:element name="project">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element ref="department" />
                            <xs:element ref="pjtname" />
                            <xs:element ref="from" />
                            <xs:element ref="to" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>

         <!-- Schema for element employee -->
  <xs:element name="employee">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element ref="id" />
                            <xs:element ref="description" />
                            <xs:element ref="details" />
                            <xs:element ref="project" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>

          <!-- Schema for element employees -->
  <xs:element name="employees">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element ref="employee" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  
</xs:schema>

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